Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a naturally occurring phospholipid that is primarily located in cell membranes, especially brain cells. It is composed of serine + phosphate group + two fatty acid chains, it is an amphoteric molecule (both hydrophilic and lipophilic). Naturally found in foods like animal brain tissue, soy, egg yolk, fish and other foods. It supports essential biological processes, including cell signaling, membrane fluidity, and programmed cell death (apoptosis), playing an important role in cognitive and neurological health.

Phosphatidylserine is mainly extracted from soybeans or sunflower lecithin. Soybean PS is the most common and has a lower cost. The human body can synthesize itself, but with the increase of age, the synthesis decreases. Therefore, supplementing PS has become one of the important strategies for improving brain health.  It is often used by individuals seeking to improve memory and maintain cognitive performance, especially as they age.